Surrealism originated in the late 1910s and early 1920s. Officially consecrated in Paris in 1924. Surrealism began as a literary movement before becoming an artistic one. This movement was started by a French man named Andre Breton. Breton along with French poets Louis Aragon, Paul Eluard, and Philippe Soupault along with Sigmund Freud helped create surrealism. Their poetry then created unexpected imagery. The organized surrealist movement dissolved pretty much on WWII. Key artist of the movement include Louis Aragon, Antonin Artaud, Rene Crevel, Robert Desnos, Paul Eluard, Michel Leiris, Benjamin Peret, and eventually the Dadaist Tristan Tzara.
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htmhttp://www.poets.org/poetsorg/text/brief-guide-surrealism